![]() ![]() In training with BFR, several factors, including the occlusion pressure, the type of occlusion, and the occlusion duration, could affect the adaptations. Training adaptation depends on the exercise variables. Therefore, BFR training could elicit specific adaptations in active muscles. Increased growth hormone and testosterone were reported following training with BFR these anabolic hormones promote muscle growth and muscle strength, which subsequently enhance muscle endurance. Some mechanisms have been proposed for these adaptations, including an increase in the recruitment of fast-twitch fibers (type II), muscle cell swelling, production of reactive oxygen species like nitric oxide, activation of anabolic pathways, and increased secretion of catecholamine and anabolic hormones such as growth hormone (GH) and testosterone due to anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation. Studies have shown that resistance training with BFR induces hypertrophy and increases muscle size and strength. Therefore, low-load resistance training with BFR is recommended to increase muscle mass. Resistance training has a high mechanical, low metabolic load however, during BFR, the metabolic load increases and elicits the same adaptations similar to heavy training. In this way, a pneumatic cuff or elastic band is used to reduce blood flow and occlude venous return that induces an ischemic state in muscle tissue. In recent decades, training with blood flow restriction (BFR) has become popular as an alternative to traditional resistance training in training settings. Resistance training is recommended to maintain and promote muscle mass and strength hence, it has health benefits, but some individuals are reluctant or unable to lift heavyweights. Thus, to gain further benefits, AR during training with BFR is recommended. The findings indicated that by increasing muscle activation and higher metabolic load, AR during resistance training with BFR might cause more remarkable improvements in serum GH, muscle strength, and endurance. ![]() There were no significant changes in testosterone ( p = 0.79) and cortisol ( p = 0.34) following interventions. The PR intervention further increased the minimum power than the AR group (19% vs. 24% for the lower body, p = 0.04) than the PR group. The AR intervention significantly increased growth hormone (GH) (423% vs. 8%) and no significant differences were observed between groups. ResultsĪR and PR interventions significantly improved the C-reactive protein (CRP) (− 38% vs. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze data. The blood samples and a series of performance tests were gathered before and after the intervention. The AR group performed seven repetitions in 30 s break between sets by one second for concentric and eccentric phases and two seconds rest, and the other group had passive rest. ![]() The cuff pressure was 60% of the calculated arterial blood occlusion and increased 10% every two weeks. Both groups wore pneumatic cuffs on the proximal part of thighs and arms. The intervention consisted of six upper and lower body movements with 30% of one maximum repetition (1RM), three sessions per week for six weeks. In the randomized clinical trial, 20 men were randomly divided into PR and AR groups during resistance training with BFR. This study aimed to compare the long-term effect of passive recovery (PR) and active recovery (AR) during low-intensity resistance training with BFR on hormonal levels and performance in young men. Resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) results in hypertrophy, and its magnitude depends on various training variables. ![]()
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